The period from 1970 to 1995 consolidated nitrogen-centric manure management, focusing on ammonia volatilization and denitrification as primary losses from manure applications, with strategies including additives, separation and acidification, surface versus injection, and nitrification inhibitors. Research emphasized nitrogen availability from poultry, dairy, and other manures to crops and the timing/mineralization patterns that influence fertilizer N comparisons; integrated crop-nutrient planning emerged to optimize manure use. Methodological advances featured micrometeorological mass balance, wind-tunnel measurements, and seasonal field flux studies to quantify ammonia emissions, complemented by soil fate studies on leaching, nitrate risk, and manure-soil interactions; economic and management aspects such as hauling distances and crop-nutrient balances began guiding practical manure-use decisions.